In honor of the Apostle to the Gentiles let us make a rapid comparison of the Collects, or “Opening Prayers”, for today’s feast.
We’ll look first at the 1962 Missale Romanum and then the 2002 edition.
The Collect is nearly the same in both.
COLLECT (1962MR):
Deus, qui universum mundum
beati Pauli Apostoli praedicatione docuisti:
da nobis, quaesumus;
ut, qui eius hodie Conversionem colimus,
per eius exempla gradiamur.
This prayer is ancient. It is found already in the 8th century Liber sacramentorum Engolismensis (Angoulême) and the 9th century Augustodunensis (Autun) as well as the Liber sacramentorum Romanae ecclesiae ordine excarpsus, but with the variation in the Engolismensis “multitidinem gentium” in place of “universum mundum”.
Our precious copies of the increasingly costly Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary inform us that the deponent verb gradior is “to take steps, to step, walk, go;” and in ecclesiastical Latin “of the conduct of life, to walk, live, conduct one’s self”. The French source for liturgical Latin I call Blaise/Dumas indicates that gradior is “to behave oneself”. An exemplum is, “a sample for imitation, instruction, proof, a pattern, model, original, example….” For the Fathers, so steeped in Greek and Roman rhetoric and philosophy, exemplum could mean many things. Mainly, an exemplum brings auctoritas to your argument, “authority”, which means among other things the moral persuasive force of an argument. When we hear this prayer with ancient and Patristic ears, exemplum is not merely an “example” to imitate. It brings deeper moral force. The historic event of Paul’s conversion is a reason for hope. It is an incitement to lead the kind of life which will lead ultimately to being raised up after the perfect exemplum, the Risen Christ. The core of this exemplum is St. Paul’s response to the call of the Lord to turn his life around, his conversio or in Greek metánoia.
I especially like the word gradior in this prayer. It invokes the image of St. Paul trudging the byways. Thus are we called, also.
LITERAL VERSION:
O God, who instructed the whole world
by the preaching of the Blessed Apostle Paul:
grant us, we beseech You,
that, we who are today honoring his Conversion,
may walk according to his examples.
Many (many many) of the prayers of the pre-Conciliar form of the Missale Romanum, were cut up and changed for the Novus Ordo, if they made the cut at all. Today’s prayer is a case in point.
COLLECT (2002MR):
Deus, qui universum mundum
beati Pauli Apostoli praedicatione docuisti,
da nobis, quaesumus,
ut, cuius conversionem hodie celebramus,
per eius ad te exempla gradientes,
tuae simus mundo testes veritatis.
LITERAL VERSION:
O God, who instructed the whole world
by the preaching of the Blessed Apostle Paul:
grant us, we beseech You,
that we, walking in life toward You according to the examples of him,
whose conversion we are celebrating today,
may be witnesses of Your truth in the world.
I am not convinced the ancient prayer needed these changes.
Some may argue that the newer Latin version makes the point of "witness" more clear. I guess so.
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Perhaps we could consider the last clause, and the adjustments it required, an “anglicism.” It does extend the meaning of “exemplum” to “testis veritatis” rather than elsewhere. These prayers can often show more meaning with fewer words in Latin words than English. Therefore, perhaps we can consider the added clause “tuae … veritatis” an “anglicism.”
Nec Q. Horatius Flaccus “de gustibus non disputandum” dixit?
Salutationes omnibus.
I hope that the new English version preserves better the sense of gradior than the “follow” in the current (lame duck) version. I’m sure Paul himself is embarrassed by the prayer’s implication that we follow him. Certainly he would tell us not to follow him, but the Lord.
I bought an iPhone app called “Lexidium” which is a Latin dictionary based on Lewis and Short. I think it was a buck or two. It has helped me greatly.
wordiness is a sign of bad writing and bad translation…..
Hodie in vesperis, Sanctus Pater eam orationem anni mmii secutus est.
Salutationes omnibus.
It’s a mixed bag, but over all a minor improvement. Was it needed? Certainly not!
The replacement of “colimus” with “celebramus” was no improvement at all; it was rather a loss. We should cultivate S. Paul’s conversion in our lives, and not just celebrate it.
The replacement of “qui” (us) with “cuius” (S. Paul) was an improvement, IMHO. It keeps a more direct emphasis on S. Paul, and keeps “us” on the back burner for two more lines.
The pushing back of the first person plural subjunctive, transferred from “gradiamur” in line 5 to “simus” in line 6 builds up the rhetorical tension and is quite eloquent.
The new prayer certainly does make the point of “witness” more clear. On the other hand, it obscures somewhat the private nature of conversion. Saint Paul is not just an example to be followed publicly, but his interior spiritual life is also an example to all of us, as the lessons in the Officium Lectionis for January 25th and 26th make clear.