Pope Benedict’s sermon for Palm Sunday 2012

Pope Benedict XVI’s sermon for Palm Sunday. First, His Holiness gives us context and then he gives us some classic Ratzinger. My emphases and comments.

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

Palm Sunday is the great doorway leading into Holy Week, the week when the Lord Jesus makes his way towards the culmination of his earthly existence. He goes up to Jerusalem in order to fulfil the Scriptures and to be nailed to the wood of the Cross, the throne from which he will reign for ever, drawing to himself humanity of every age and offering to all the gift of redemption. We know from the Gospels that Jesus had set out towards Jerusalem in company with the Twelve, and that little by little a growing crowd of pilgrims had joined them. Saint Mark tells us that as they were leaving Jericho, there was a “great multitude” following Jesus (cf. 10:46).

On the final stage of the journey, a particular event stands out, one which heightens the sense of expectation of what is about to unfold and focuses attention even more sharply upon Jesus. Along the way, as they were leaving Jericho, a blind man was sitting begging, Bartimaeus by name. As soon as he heard that Jesus of Nazareth was passing, he began to cry out: “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!” (Mk 10:47). People tried to silence him, but to no avail; until Jesus had them call him over and invited him to approach. “What do you want me to do for you?”, he asked. And the reply: “Master, let me receive my sight” (v. 51). Jesus said: “Go your way, your faith has made you well.” Bartimaeus regained his sight and began to follow Jesus along the way (cf. v. 52). And so it was that, after this miraculous sign, accompanied by the cry “Son of David”, a tremor of Messianic hope spread through the crowd, causing many of them to ask: this Jesus, going ahead of us towards Jerusalem, could he be the Messiah, the new David? And as he was about to enter the Holy City, had the moment come when God would finally restore the Davidic kingdom?

The preparations made by Jesus, with the help of his disciples, serve to increase this hope. As we heard in today’s Gospel (cf. Mk 11:1-10), Jesus arrives in Jerusalem from Bethphage and the Mount of Olives, that is, the route by which the Messiah was supposed to come. From there, he sent two disciples ahead of him, telling them to bring him a young donkey that they would find along the way. They did indeed find the donkey, they untied it and brought it to Jesus. At this point, the spirits of the disciples and of the other pilgrims were swept up with excitement: they took their coats and placed them on the colt; others spread them out on the street in Jesus’ path as he approached, riding on the donkey. Then they cut branches from the trees and began to shout phrases from Psalm 118, ancient pilgrim blessings, which in that setting took on the character of messianic proclamation: “Hosanna! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Blessed is the kingdom of our father David that is coming! Hosanna in the highest!” (v. 9-10). This festive acclamation, reported by all four evangelists, is a cry of blessing, a hymn of exultation: it expresses the unanimous conviction that, in Jesus, God has visited his people and the longed-for Messiah has finally come. And everyone is there, growing in expectation of the work that Christ will accomplish once he has entered the city. [What occurs to me as I read this is that I, too, am so often “there”, saying “Hosanna!”, but like the multitude will in a few days, I, by sinning, also betray the Lord.]

But what is the content, the inner resonance of this cry of jubilation? The answer is found throughout the Scripture, which reminds us that the Messiah fulfils the promise of God’s blessing, God’s original promise to Abraham, father of all believers: “I will make of you a great nation and I will bless you … and by you all the families of the earth shall bless themselves” (Gen 12:2-3). It is the promise that Israel had always kept alive in prayer, especially the prayer of the Psalms. Hence he whom the crowd acclaims as the blessed one is also he in whom the whole of humanity will be blessed. Thus, in the light of Christ, humanity sees itself profoundly united and, as it were, enfolded within the cloak of divine blessing, a blessing that permeates, sustains, redeems and sanctifies all things.

Here we find the first great message that today’s feast brings us: the invitation to adopt a proper outlook upon all humanity, on the peoples who make up the world, on its different cultures and civilizations. The look that the believer receives from Christ is a look of blessing: a wise and loving look, capable of grasping the world’s beauty and having compassion on its fragility. Shining through this look is God’s own look upon those he loves and upon Creation, the work of his hands. We read in the Book of Wisdom: “But thou art merciful to all, for thou canst do all things, and thou dost overlook men’s sins, that they may repent. For thou lovest all things that exist and hast loathing for none of the things which thou hast made … thou sparest all things, for they are thine, O Lord who lovest the living” (11:23-24, 26). [This reminds me a bit of an image I use occasionally: to look at others through “resurrection glasses”, that is, to imagine them as God intends in the resurrection.]

Let us return to today’s Gospel passage and ask ourselves: what is really happening in the hearts of those who acclaim Christ as King of Israel? Clearly, they had their own idea of the Messiah, an idea of how the long-awaited King promised by the prophets should act. Not by chance, a few days later, instead of acclaiming Jesus, the Jerusalem crowd will cry out to Pilate: “Crucify him!”, while the disciples, together with others who had seen him and listened to him, will be struck dumb and will disperse. The majority, in fact, was disappointed by the way Jesus chose to present himself as Messiah and King of Israel. This is the heart of today’s feast, for us too. Who is Jesus of Nazareth for us? What idea do we have of the Messiah, what idea do we have of God? It is a crucial question, one we cannot avoid, not least because during this very week we are called to follow our King who chooses the Cross as his throne. We are called to follow a Messiah who promises us, not a facile earthly happiness, but the happiness of heaven, divine beatitude. So we must ask ourselves: what are our true expectations? What are our deepest desires, with which we have come here today to celebrate Palm Sunday and to begin our celebration of Holy Week? [I like this.  What do we intend to receive from participation in Holy Week?  Active participation is founded in active receptivity.  But we should always examine our expectations.  This means we have to have something clear in our understanding by which we can measure our expectations.  No?]

Dear young people, present here today, [Palm Sunday is, if I am not mistaken, an important day for the World Youth Day … thing.] this, in a particular way, is your Day, wherever the Church is present throughout the world. So I greet you with great affection! May Palm Sunday be a day of decision for you, the decision to say yes to the Lord and to follow him all the way, the decision to make his Passover, his death and resurrection, the very focus of your Christian lives. It is the decision that leads to true joy, as I reminded you in this year’s World Youth Day Message – “Rejoice in the Lord always” (Phil 4:4). So it was for Saint Clare of Assisi when, on Palm Sunday 800 years ago, inspired by the example of Saint Francis and his first companions, she left her father’s house to consecrate herself totally to the Lord. She was eighteen years old and she had the courage of faith and love to decide for Christ, finding in him true joy and peace.

Dear brothers and sisters, may these days call forth two sentiments in particular: [1] praise, after the example of those who welcomed Jesus into Jerusalem with their “Hosanna!”, and [2] thanksgiving, because in this Holy Week the Lord Jesus will renew the greatest gift we could possibly imagine: he will give us his life, his body and his blood, his love. But we must respond worthily to so great a gift, that is to say, with the gift of ourselves, our time, our prayer, our entering into a profound communion of love with Christ who suffered, died and rose for us. The early Church Fathers saw a symbol of all this in the gesture of the people who followed Jesus on his entry into Jerusalem, the gesture of spreading out their coats before the Lord. Before Christ – the Fathers said – we must spread out our lives, ourselves, in an attitude of gratitude and adoration. As we conclude, let us listen once again to the words of one of these early Fathers, Saint Andrew, Bishop of Crete: “So it is ourselves that we must spread under Christ’s feet, not coats or lifeless branches or shoots of trees, matter which wastes away and delights the eye only for a few brief hours. But we have clothed ourselves with Christ’s grace, or with the whole Christ … so let us spread ourselves like coats under his feet … let us offer not palm branches but the prizes of victory to the conqueror of death. Today let us too give voice with the children to that sacred chant, as we wave the spiritual branches of our soul: ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord, the King of Israel’” (PG 97, 994). Amen!

About Fr. John Zuhlsdorf

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10 Comments

  1. Andrew says:

    “So it is ourselves that we must spread under Christ’s feet, not coats or lifeless branches or shoots of trees, matter which wastes away and delights the eye only for a few brief hours. But we have clothed ourselves with Christ’s grace, or with the whole Christ …”

    Sic ipsi nos Christo substraverimus, non tunicas aut ramos inanimes, fruticumque stramina, cibo virorem amittentem materiam, et ad paucas horas oculos recreantem; verum eius gratiam, seu ipsum totum induti: (Liturgia Horarum, lectio altera, dominica de Passione Domini)

  2. Laura R. says:

    Thank you Fr. Z for posting the Holy Father’s sermon — it’s a wonderful way to conclude Palm Sunday! I’m especially struck by his question, “What idea do we have of the Messiah, what idea do we have of God?” and what can happen to us sinful humans when our expectations of God are not met.

    Your image of looking at others through “resurrection glasses” reminds me of the following quotation from C.S. Lewis (apologies in advance if I’m repeating something that others have posted before):

    It may be possible for each to think too much of his own potential glory hereafter; it is hardly possible for him to think too often or too deeply about that of his neighbor. The load, or weight, or burden of my neighbor’s glory should be laid daily on my back, a load so heavy that only humility can carry it … It is a serious thing to live in a society of possible gods and goddesses, to remember that the dullest and most uninteresting person you talk to may one day be a creature which, if you saw it now, you would be strongly tempted to worship, or else a horror and a corruption such as you now meet, if at all, only in a nightmare. All day long we are, in some degree, helping each other to one or other of these destinations.

  3. acardnal says:

    With regard to “resurrection glasses”, below is from The Imitation of Christ:
    “Whatever goodness or virtue is in you, believe that your neighbor has better qualities; in this way you will preserve humility.”

  4. Geoffrey says:

    World Youth Day is indeed celebrated annually at the local level: in Rome, on Palm Sunday. It varies elsewhere.

  5. chantgirl says:

    In hindsight, it is easy to look back and think poorly of these people who were praising Jesus upon His entry into Jerusalem, only to condemn Him a few days later. However, the Pope reminds us here of the great expectations that these people had. We have a race of people that have been expecting a Messiah for a very long time. They live under a cruel oppression and are looked down upon by the Romans. They are by and large poor. What great hopes they must have had when Jesus came to Jerusalem. They could probably taste the victory and the freedom that they believed was coming. Everywhere Jesus went, He had been performing miracles and doing the impossible. How confusing, how demoralizing it must have been when they realized that Jesus was not going to rescue them from the Romans. They must have felt betrayed, abandoned, double-crossed. I can imagine that the hope they had could have very easily turned to bitter anger and contempt. Confusion and bitterness must have reigned supreme that week. Holy Week always serves to remind me of the potential human beings have for cowardice and cruelty. We can look back upon Holy Week with sorrow that is mitigated by the knowledge of the Resurrection, but it must have been a frightful thing for the apostles and disciples of Jesus to witness as it happened. As always, though, what God plans to give us is always light-years beyond what we hope and pray that He will give us. We are disappointed when we don’t receive the trivial things and God gives us the ultimate things instead.

  6. Batfink says:

    @chantgirl: the Holy Father himself points out (in Volume 2 of Jesus of Nazareth) that the Palm Sunday and Good Friday crowds were actually different people. The former were those who had followed him from Galilee, gathering people along the way. The latter were the natives of Jerusalem. Not that it makes a difference to us as imagining ourselves in one or other of the crowds, in our prayers etc., but it is an historical distinction which makes a difference to our understanding of the people who followed Him.

  7. chantgirl says:

    Batfink, thank you. I did not realize that they were different groups of people. I wonder where this information comes from? In the Dolorous Passion of Emmerich she mentions that some of the crowd was paid to be there and make a scene for Pilate, but I didn’t realize that there was a historical basis for this. I guess I need to pick up the Jesus of Nazareth books.

  8. Batfink says:

    I don’t have the book on me now to check the references. I still remember it though as when we read it in our Dominican book club, we all commented that we had grown up thinking (and being told) that it was the same crowd which turned against him and it was only much later we realised there was a different Jerusalem lot.

    The only other place I can remember explicitly reading it is in Nicholas King SJ’s translation of the New Testament, where he consistently translates John’s ‘Jews’ as ‘Judaeans’.

    Maybe someone else could look up the reference in Jesus of Nazareth or I might find it tonight when I’m back home.

  9. Quanah says:

    I too remember reading volume two of Jesus of Nazareth last year and being struck by the distinction of the crowds. I have a particular affinity for Phinehas and Mattathias from the Old Testament. The Jews in Jerusalem and Judea looked back to these two as their models of zealousness for the Lord and His law. The way this zeal was misdirected and how that inhibited them from recognizing the Messiah is a good thing for me to remember as I think about our Holy Father’s questions: “Who is Jesus of Nazareth for us? What idea do we have of the Messiah, what idea do we have of God?”

    Quanah

  10. Venerator Sti Lot says:

    I have not read vol. 2 of Jesus of Nazareth, but I have variously encountered what seemed intelligent attention to our Lord’s words in (e.g.) St. Matthew’s Passion (26:55: cf. St. Mark 14:48-49, St. Luke 22:52-53 – and also St.John 18:19-23) and the details of the whole (sudden and secretive) manner of his capture and (initial) ‘trial’, as suggesting the ‘officials’ expected considerable popular resistance to their plans, and attempted what we might now call a ‘coup’ and a ‘fait accompli’. Which ‘people’, visiting or local, knew what, when, until a noisy (but how numerous?) ‘populus’ (e.g., St. Matthew 27:20) had helped bully Pilate into the ‘desired result’ – overseen by Centurion, et al.?

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