Good Friday FASTING and ABSTINENCE explained, links to recipes, notes about what breaks the fast, what doesn’t

To aid me in keeping my online time down today, here is something from a couple years back.

It’s Good Friday!   Here are a couple of recipes for good food for this day of fasting and abstinence.   Since I made the lentils, by the way, I now have celery and I won’t have to improvise.

Fr. Z’s Kitchen: Lentils from the Benedictine Monks of Norcia. IMPROVISE – ADAPT – OVERCOME

Fr. Z’s Kitchen: Pasta e ceci alla Romana

On only two days of the year we modern Latin Church Catholics are asked both to fast and to abstain from meat.

According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law for the Latin Church, Latin Church Catholics are bound to observe fasting and abstinence on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday.

Here are some details. I have posted them before, and I am sure you know them already, but they are good to review.

FASTING: Catholics who are 18 year old and up, until their 59th birthday (when you begin your 60th year), are bound to fast (1 full meal and perhaps some food at a couple points during the day, call it 2 “snacks”, according to local custom or law – two snacks that don’t add up to a full meal) on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday.

Since we are Unreconstructed Ossified Manualists, we pay attention to old manuals.  Prümmer suggests that for the morning snack a piece of bread and 2 ounces of nourishing food is sufficient, and that for the afternoon or evening snack, 8 ounces of nourishing food is permitted to all.  “Sufficient” for what is not entirely clear.  There is a difference between working construction and working at a computer.  This is greatly simplified by taking Good Friday off… if possible.

There is no scientific formula for this. Figure it out.

ABSTINENCE: Catholics who are 14 years old and older are abound to abstain from meat on Ash Wednesday and on all Fridays of Lent… and Good Friday in the Triduum.

In general, when you have a medical condition of some kind, or you are pregnant, etc., these requirements can be relaxed.

For Eastern Catholics there are differences concerning dates and practices. Our Eastern friends can fill us Latins in.  As I understand, the Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in these USA has followed the Latin rite to a certain extent.  Abstinence from meat is required on all Wednesdays and Fridays of Great Lent, with the the strict fast (abstinence from meat and dairy) on Clean Monday and Good Friday.

The question always comes up….

How about in between?

The other day I had a question via email about vaping.   Vaping!   One can, indeed, “vape”.  However, wouldn’t it be a wonderful thing to give it up for a day?

Click!

The old axiom, for the Lenten fast, is “Liquidum non frangit ieiunium … liquid does not break the fast”, provided you are drinking for the sake of thirst, rather than for eating. Common sense suggests that chocolate banana shakes or “smoothies”, etc., are not permissible, even though they are pretty much liquid in form. They are not what you would drink because you are thirsty, as you might more commonly do with water, coffee, tea, wine in some cases, lemonade, even some of these sports drinks such as “Gatorade”, etc.

Again, common sense applies, so figure it out.

Drinks such as coffee and tea do not break the Lenten fast even if they have a little milk added, or a bit of sugar, or fruit juice, which in the case of tea might be lemon.

Coffee would break the Eucharistic fast (one hour before Communion), since – pace fallentes – coffee is no longer water, but it does not break the Lenten fast on Ash Wednesday or Good Friday.

You will be happy to know that chewing tobacco does not break the fast (unless you eat the quid, I guess), nor does using mouthwash (gargarisatio in one manual I checked) or brushing your teeth (pulverisatio – because tooth powder was in use back in the day).

If you want to drink your coffee and tea with true merit I suggest drinking it from one of my coffee mugs. I’d like to offer an indulgence for doing so, but that’s above my pay grade.

There’s always the Liquidum non frangit ieiunium mug.

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ROME 23/04 – Day 07: Good Friday – Bad food and shadows

It’s Good Friday. The sun rose at 6:42 and will set at 19:44. The Ave Maria is at 20:00. The Roman Station is, of course, at Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. It is the Feast of St. John Baptist de la Salle.

It is a 1st Friday.

Today, being Good Friday, is a day of both fasting and abstinence.

A couple of the sights from yesterday. 

This one is especially for a friend of mine, who introduced me to the fascinating and deeply amusing autobiography: A Papal Chamberlain: the Personal Chronicle of Francis Augustus McNutt

I often  show photos of food that is pretty good.  Here’s a shot of something that was simply dreadful.  It was an embarrassment for an other reliable place and I am amazed that a cook allowed this to leave the kitchen.  This is supposed to be rigatoni all’amaticiana.  Because this was so awful, I’ll speak the name of the restaurant: Maccheroni on the Via della Coppelle.   There was no excuse for this.

First hint that not all is right… look at that nasty watery edge to the “sauce”. Grrrr. An insult to all our ancestors.

Other things on the table were pretty good, though the waitress screwed up the order of delivery.  All in all not a good performance for the place.

Out the door of Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

I understand that the great hotel across the way has been purchased by the new Orient Express company. It is being completely renovated.

The crowds here are massive.  Not a surprise for Easter season.

Yesterday we had the Mass of the Last Supper and then Tenebrae.

The necessities are readied for the Mandatum with members of the Archconfraternity in the sacristy.  Note the small bag.  Inside are 12 coins, one of them different from the others.  When each man has had his feet washed, he takes out a coin.  The one who draws the odd one is thereafter “Judas” for the rest of the year.

The guys are getting the canopy ready for later.

Behold of the use of the housling cloth for Communion.

The sacred ministers participate in the stripping of the altar.

If you were wondering, the church was jammed.  45 minutes beforehand people were in the street outside.

Tenebrae was sung after the sacred action.  Here is the undersigned signing the 7th Lesson.

Tenebrae has been great. I first sang Tenebrae in, I think, 1981.  They are using here some polyphonic responsories, which I don’t care for.  The Gregorian chant responsories are by far superior in their expression of the texts.  They are, frankly, among the most beautiful chants of the year.

Meanwhile,

Black to move.  Look at that passer.  How to bring white down without losing your threats and leaving white in a better position?

NB: I’ll hold comments with solutions ’till the next day so there won’t be “spoilers” for others.

 

Action shot.

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From “The Private Diary of Bishop F. Atticus McButterpants” – 23-04-06 – Foot or hand washing

April 6th 2023

Dear Diary,

Holy Thursday.  Monday Thursday as Tommy keeps saying for some reason.  I suppose it kind of feels like the beginning of the week. Whatever.

They are really nagging this year so there are last minute decisions to make.  Debating about the whole “washing of the feet” thing. I really hate doing it with all that crawling around on my hands and knees, plus dirty feet!    And I get flak from the traddies if I throw a few women in the mix. The other side is that people think about how humble their bishop is, which is a plus.  It make people happy to think their bishop is humble, so we’ll do it.  I do kinda like that song they sing while I do it, something like the “Semper ubi sub ubi” we joked around about when we took that one Latin semester freshman year in the seminary.

A couple years ago one of the priests came up with the idea of washing everybody’s hands instead. That was a great idea!  Keeps you off the floor and for me that’s no small thing.  Then Tommy pointed out that the only one who washed hands was Pontius Pilate. That was it.

I hope it goes quick tonight. I want a good steak after Mass.  Get stuff ready in the kitchen before hand just to make sure I get it in before midnight.

Whatever happened to those great old clerical suppers we would have on Holy Thursday, with lamb and wine to celebrate the priesthood together?  It’s like that whole world is gone now.  Maybe that’s for the best.  The other bishops and the nuns are always going on about how bad clericalism is.  But back in the day we were – I dunno – happier about things.  That’s the big project now: gotta make people happy.

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WDTPRS – Holy “Maundy” Thursday (2002MR):

The term “Maunday” or “Maundy” Thursday refers to Christ’s mandate (mandatum) in John 13:34 to His apostles in the service of the Church. It is also called sometimes “Shere” Thursday, perhaps from “shere” indicating “tolerance” and “remedy”, in the sense of “wiggle room”. This “shere” was, according to the OED the difference or error permissible in a measure of something, such as the deviation from the standard in minting a coin.

COLLECT
(2002MR):

Sacratissimam, Deus, frequentantibus Cenam,
in qua Unigenitus tuus, morti se traditurus,
novum in saecula sacrificium
dilectionisque suae convivium Ecclesiae commendavit,
da nobis, quaesumus, ut ex tanto mysterio
plenitudinem caritatis hauriamus et vitae.

This prayer is a new composition for the Novus Ordo.  It has nothing of the characteristic Roman concision.

It might have a thin tendril reaching back into the ancient Veronese Sacramentary #96: Uere dignum: qui se ipsum tibi pro nobis offerens immolandum idem sacerdos et sacer agnus exhibuit.

In our Lewis & Short Dictionary we find that frequento is “to visit or resort to frequently, to frequent; to do or make use of frequently, to repeat” and thence more suitably for our purposes, “to celebrate or keep in great numbers, especially a festival”. Haurio is “to tear up, pluck out, draw out, to take to one’s self, take; to swallow, devour, consume, exhaust”.

Commendo is “to commit to one for preservation, protection, etc., to entrust to one’s charge, commit to one’s care, commend to” and “implying a physical delivery, to deposit with, entrust to; constructed with aliquem or aliquid alicui, or absolutely”. Moreover, it is “to commend or recommend, i. e. to procure favor for, to make agreeable, to set off with advantage, to grace”. I was also intrigued by the possibilities in this definition: “Especially, of the dying, to commend children, parents, etc., to the care of others”. You all know about the final commendation of a dying person.

As you work on your own to put this into English, Deus is the subject of the main verb da, and those to whom it is to be granted are found in frequentantibus. Frequentantibus has as its object the Cenam. The whole phrase in qua… commendavit is embedded within that structure.

This prayer, it seems to me, is seriously overworked.  It is so self-consciously elegant that it is a challenge to sort out at a single hearing. It becomes a tangled mass, just as when you try to twist up a forkful of spaghetti.   If you twist the fork with too many strands at the beginning, after a couple twists you have too much going on and the whole plate starts to move.

LITERAL TRANSLATION
O God, we beg, grant to us attending the most holy Supper
in which Your Only-begotten, about to hand Himself over to death,
commended to Church a new sacrifice unto the ages
and a banquet of His love,

that we may from so great a mystery
drink deeply the fullness of charity and life.

The word haurio gives us the image of Christ’s bitter struggle on Thursday in the garden when faced with the chalice from which He would need to drink.

His bitter draught was our drink of new life. This was the consequence of Christ’s sacrificial love, His perfect charity.

CURRENT ICEL VERSION:
O God, who have called us to participate
in this most sacred Supper,
in which your Only Begotten Son,
when about to hand himself over to death,
entrusted to the Church a sacrifice new for all eternity,
the banquet of his love,
grant, we pray,
that we may draw from so great a mystery,
the fullness of charity and of life
.

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ROME 23/04 – Day 06: Holy Thursday – Ravioli and Habit

On this anniversary of the Eucharist and Priesthood, the Roman sunrise was at 6:43.  The sunset will be at 19:43, when we will be deep into our solemn rites and then Tenebrae.   The Ave Maria should ring at 20:00.  The Moon is full.  The Roman Station is St. John Lateran.  It is, among others, the feast of St Galla.

In a proper Church, the Chrism Mass would be celebrated today during the day and then the Mass of the Lord’s Supper in the Evening at St. John Lateran.  I think concelebration should be safe, legal and rare, but I did avail myself of concelebrating with Benedict XVI on one Holy Thursday in the apse of the Lateran Basilica.  It seemed the right thing to do.

Yesterday was blustery and cold and intermittently rainy, everything one doesn’t like about Rome at this transitional time of year.  We managed nonetheless to survive and not entirely starve, though I skipped my evening meal.

Lunch.  Lovely ravioli with a filling of bollito.

My view during Tenebrae as this lesson was being sung by a member of the Archconfraternity founded by St. Philip Neri at Ss. Trinità.

You will recognize the habit from the figures in the wonderful presepio which was displayed during the Christmas season.    HERE

The confraternity has been revived.  Its membership is growing and they are undertaking wonderful corporal works of mercy along with liturgical participation.

Meanwhile,…

White to move. NB: I’ll hold comments with solutions ’till the next day so there won’t be “spoilers” for others.

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In other chess news… Fabiano Caruana defeated Hikaru Nakamura in the Winners division of the Chessable Masters 2023 Champions Chess Tour. Meanwhile in the the Losers Quarterfinals, Magnus Carlsen eliminated Wesley So (too bad) and Levon Aronian beat Chesscomshop BannerVladislav Artemiev. The winner of the “loser” bracket rises from the dead to play the winner of the winner bracket. Hence, now Nakamura will face the winner of Carlsen v. Aronian today and the winner of that match will play Caruana in Grand Final on Friday. They are not observing the Sacred Triduum, so I will have to catch up on the final on Saturday via YouTube replay.

I am now an affiliate of chess.com powered by Staunton House. Great service! Do your kids have nice chess sets?

Remember the Sisters!  Check their shop.

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WDTPRS – Spy Wednesday: The final prayers

Judas Vitrail_Cathédrale_de_MoulinsThe term “Spy” Wednesday is probably an allusion to Christ’s betrayal by Judas.

In the ancient Roman Church at the time of St. Pope Leo I, “the Great” (+461), there was no Mass during the day.  Instead, many of the feria days were without Mass.  There would be gatherings at “station” churches, however, where there would be vigils with preaching.  We have sermons of Leo the Great preached on several of these Wednesdays of the 6th Week, the day before the Triduum.   Mass would be offered at St. Mary Major in the evening, as if to entrust all that had been brought from Lent as well as everything upcoming to the Mother of God for its perfection.

This prayer was the Collect for this same day in the 1962 Missale Romanum. It was also in the ancient Gregorian Sacramentary in both the Hadrianum and Paduense manuscripts.

This is the final Collect before the Triduum.  It serves as a summation and a starting point.

COLLECT

Deus, qui pro nobis Filium tuum crucis patibulum subire voluisti, ut inimici a nobis expelleres potestatem, concede nobis famulis tuis, ut resurrectionis gratiam consequamur.

This is an austere prayer, a razor, cutting to the heart of the matter.

The impressive and informative Lewis & Short Dictionary informs us that patibulum (deriving from pateo, “to open, stretch out, extend”) is “a fork-shaped yoke, placed on the necks of criminals, and to which their hands were tied; also, a fork-shaped gibbet”. In turn, English “gibbet” means “an upright post with a projecting arm for hanging the bodies of executed criminals as a warning”.

The patibulum is “the stretcher”, and not in the carrying sense.

The verb subeo in its basic meaning is “to come or go under any thing” and by logical extension “to subject one’s self to, take upon one’s self an evil; to undergo, submit to, sustain, endure, suffer”. The L&S explains that “The figure taken from stooping under a load, under blows, etc.)” There are other shades of meaning, including “to come on secretly, to advance or approach stealthily, to steal upon, steal into”. Keep this one in mind.

Consequor is interesting. It signifies “to follow, follow up, press upon, go after, attend, accompany, pursue any person or thing” and then it extends to concepts like “to follow a model, copy, an authority, example, opinion, etc.; to imitate, adopt, obey, etc.” and “to reach, overtake, obtain”. Going beyond even these definitions, there is this: “to become like or equal to a person or thing in any property or quality, to attain, come up to, to equal (cf. adsequor).” I know, I know – mentio non fit expositio. Still it is helpful to make connections in the words, which often have subtle overlaps.

Remember that meaning of subeo, above?  There are shades of “pursuit” and “imitation” in the prayer’s vocabulary.

Finally, a gratia is a “favor” or “reward”, but we Christians hear in it God’s freely given gift to us which we don’t on our own merits deserve.

WDTPRS LITERAL TRANSLATION:

O God, who desired Your Son to undergo on our behalf the yoke of the Cross so that You might drive away from us the power of the enemy, grant to us Your servants, that we may attain the grace of the resurrection.

CURRENT ICEL:

O God, who willed your Son to submit for our sake
to the yoke of the Cross,
so that you might drive from us the power of the enemy,
grant us, your servants, to attain the grace of the resurrection
.

Judas TheLastSupperdetailBy our sins we are in the clutches of the enemy, who mercilessly attacks us.

Christ freed us from dire consequences of slavery to sin by His Passion.

The ancient Romans forced their conquered foes pass under a yoke (iugum), to show that they were now subjugated.

Their juridical status changed by that “going under”.

Christ went under the Cross in its carrying and then underwent the Cross in its hideous torments.

In his liberating act of salvation, we passed from the servitude of the enemy to the service of the Lord, not as slaves, but as members of a family.

We are not merely household servants (famuli), we are accorded the status of children of the master of the house, able to inherit what He already has.

So, there’s that Collect.

However, at the end of the ferial Masses during Lent and Passiontide we have also had a final final Collect in the guise of the Oratio super populum, the Prayer over the People.   This is the last oration of the Mass before the Triduum begins.  It lines up well with the Collect we looked at, above.

Réspice, quaésumus, Dómine, super hanc famíliam tuam, pro qua Dóminus noster Iesus Christus non dubitávit mánibus tradi nocéntium, et Crucis subíre torméntum:

Even more than the 2nd Collect from the Spy Wednesday Mass, above, this oration serves as a summing up of all of Passiontide as well as the stepping off point for the whole of the Triduum.  This oration will be repeated throughout the Triduum at the end of Tenebrae and in other moments such as in the much abbreviated, austere prayers at table for meals during the Triduum.

You already the vocabulary notes for subeo, above.

Bl. Ildefonso Schuster writes of this terse prayer…

The Blessing over the people is so beautiful that the Church uses this collect during the three following days at the conclusion of each hour of the divine office: “Look down, we beseech thee, upon this thy family, for which our Lord Jesus Christ hesitated not to be delivered up into the hands of wicked men and to undergo the torment of the cross.” There is no better way of moving our heavenly Father to pity for us than by reminding him of the Passion of his only-begotten Son, and more especially of the immense love with which he loved us.

 

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ROME 23/04 – Day 05: Spy Wednesday

The Roman sunrise, had it been seen through the clouds, was at 6:45, about the time I left for church.  The sunset is slated for 19:42.  The Ave Maria bell should ring at 20:00.

Welcome new registrants:

Jamuku
St PadrePio PFU

The full moon is tomorrow, as one would expect.

The Roman station is Santa Maria Maggiore.

It is the Feast of St. Irene, virgin and martyr (+304).

It has been cold and rainy here, which has brought a measure of discomfort to my knees.   One perseveres.

Caccio e pepe, somewhat spiffed up.

A street in Trastevere.

Meanwhile,… in the Chessable Masters, Magnus had his hat handed to him by Vladislaw Artemiev.  He falls to the “losers” bracket.  Meanwhile, Hikaru and Fabiano will face off for the big prize.  Alas, my favorite, Wesley was defeated.

Meanwhile, black to move.
NB: I’ll hold comments with solutions ’till the next day so there won’t be “spoilers” for others.

I’m now an affiliate of chess.com’s shop, powered by House of Staunton.

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You might order some wine from the monks at Le Barroux for your post-Paschal repasts.

I warmly endorse these conferences for priests. I plan on going to the July offering.

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ROME 23/04 – Day 04: Holy Tuesday

The sunrise in Rome was 0647 and the sun just set at 1941.  The Ave Maria is at 2000.

It is the Feast of St Isidore (+636).  Some people believe that he could be a good Patron of the Internet.  There is the “Internet Prayer” which I wrote many years ago and which has been translated into many languages.

It’s rainy this afternoon but the morning was lovely.

Some views.

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ROME 23/04 – Day 03: Holy Monday

The City saw a 6:48 sunrise and will have its sunset at 19:40.   The Ave Maria bell is to ring at 20:00.  The full moon is coming: 6 April: important for the dating of Easter, of course.  It is the Feast of Sixtus I and of St. Richard of Chichester.   The later always makes me think of the limerick my old pastor had in his back pocket for this day.   Posted earlier.

I had mentioned yesterday my gratitude to my Roman Donors.   I said Mass for your intention as soon as I arrived on Saturday.   And with my mention of donations a few more came in which I am please to acknowledge here.

Thanks…

EL, MP, PJMcD, HB, AFC, DMcN, KS, TO’R (wow)

I hope I didn’t miss anyone.  Donations come in via different services and it gets complicated.  Also, sometimes there are no email addresses, so it is hard to write thank you notes.

I’d like also to thank some of the past “200” and “100” campaigners who have persevered.   Sometime ago, I had campaigns to add monthly subscribers.   Each time I was blessed with a good response.  Of course there are those who silently drop away for one reason or another which is understandable.   I have lists of donors past and present and you are remembered in my prayers, in particular when I am informed that someone has passed away.  They are remembered in prayer.

Palm Sunday was wonderful at my adoptive parish of Ss. Trinità dei Pellegrini.  The place was packed as you can imagine.  All the images in the Church are covered and not haphazardly: many have individually made to cover the image just to the edge of the frame.  Striking.  Since there are a lot of large images, there is a lot of purple.  The altar, however, was dressed in Roman purple, which has a reddish cast.

You can see the deacon has his broad stole.

Lunch lunch with The Great Roman™ and the Great Roman Wife™ – a real treat since she can’t always join in – along with my Chicagoans.

Rigatoni alla carbonara.

And puntarelle.  What a pleasure.  They were perfect.

I ran into a few blog readers after Mass.  It is great to meet people whose names I’ve seen the combox and in donations over the years.  That’s one of perks.

Meanwhile,…

White to move in this unbalanced situation.

NB: I’ll hold comments with solutions ’till the next day so there won’t be “spoilers” for others.

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The wonderful nuns of Gower Abbey, the Benedictines of Mary, Queen of Apostles, have a new disc and digital download:

Tenebrae at Ephesus

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These are the RESPONSORIES of Tenebrae for all three days of the Triduum.  They are, arguably, the most beautiful chants of the entire liturgical year.

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“Avaunt and defiance!” A limerick on a feast day.

My old pastor Msgr. Richard Schuler used to trot out this limerick on this Feast of St. Richard.

There was an old Bishop of Chichester,
Who said thrice (the Latin for which is ‘ter’),
“Avaunt and defiance,
Foul spirit called Science,
And quit Mother Church, thou bewitchest her.”

Of course the Church is not anti-science, unless it is HACK-science.  At least in sane times the Church is against HACK-science.  Sane times, mind you.

On this topic of the Church and Science I recommend the book, Galileo in Rome: The Rise and Fall of a Troublesome Genius by William R. Shea and Mariano Artigas and Dava Sobel’s A More Perfect Heaven: How Copernicus Revolutionized the Cosmos (UK edition HERE).  In addition, there is Heilbron’s The Sun In The Church and Galileo by the same.

BTW… St. Richard called for a Crusade against the Saracens.  Bless him.

Happy feast of St. Richard!

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